AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance types

AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) offers several instance types for consumers to deploy their applications on; EC2 instances can be associated with Elastic Block Store (EBS) / Elastic File System (EFS) storage services - to store instance data on temporary / ephemeral storage OR persistent storage options;

• P3 & P4 are accelerated computing instances; P4d instances are EC2 Ultra clusters, multi-node training & 4000 NVIDIA A100 Tensor core GPUs, petabit scale networking; each EC2 ultra-cluster is a super-computer with low latency FSx for Lustre storage;
  
• P3 - used for performance optimization, streaming multi-processing (SM), machine learning (ML)  & deep learning (DL);
• G3 - for graphics applications, 3D visualization, application streaming, video encoding, 3D rendering, etc.;
• FPGA & HDK - used for hardware level programming; hardware developed can be used on the cloud or on-premise environments; F1 instances provide interfaces for FPGA programming, these are all F1.* instance types for EC2 ;
• Inferentia chips & Inf1 instances - elastic inference - acceleration to EC2 instance with right mix of memory & CPU;
• Compute optimized instances are known - C6G instances; EBS optimized up to 19000Mbps of dedicated EBS bandwidth even with encryption enabled; C6G instances support ENA based enhanced networking;
• General purpose T4G - 40% better price & performance over T3G; 750 free hours are provided; General purpose instances are AWS Nitro system based;
• AWS Graviton2 processor - general purpose instance; It uses 256 bit memory encryption, within the host system; strangely keys are encrypted on the host system, do not leave the host system and get destroyed with the EC2 instance; KMS integration & BYO keys are not supported with Graviton2;
• A1 instances - GPU instance supported to run apps on Java / Python / Node JS; similar capacity, EBS backed, nitro-system, elastic network adapter (ENA) supported;  bandwidth up to 10Gbps in placement groups is achievable;
• most of the EC2 instances support up to 20 EBS volumes to attach by default;
• High memory instances - are EC2 offerings with high end memory in the order of 25TB in a single instance; suited to run large applications / workloads in-memory such as HANA; nitro-system based EC2 bare-metal instances; 
• R6G - latest generation of "memory optimized" EC2 instances; nextgen memory optimized instances powered by Arm-based Graviton2 processors;